Focus Area

Firearm Violence

Firearm-related injuries and deaths remain a critical public health challenge with far-reaching social and economic consequences. Research in this area investigates the patterns, risk factors, and social determinants of firearm violence, including its intersections with equity, mental health, community safety, and public policy. Faculty and projects focus on evidence-based prevention strategies, policy evaluation, and community education to reduce firearm-related harm. This work informs interventions that protect individuals and communities, strengthen local prevention efforts, and support equitable safety measures. 

Researchers

Joseph Constans, PhD

Joseph Constans, PhD

Adjunct Faculty, School of Science and Engineering

Specialty Areas: PTSD, Gun Violence, Suicide

Juan Duchesne, MD

Juan Duchesne, MD

Professor of Surgery, School of Medicine

Specialty Areas: Surgery, Trauma and Critical Care

Julia Fleckman, PhD

Julia Fleckman, PhD

Adjunct Professor

Specialty Areas: Structural and Social Determinants of Firearm Violence, Evaluation of Firearm Violence Prevention Strategies, Community-Partnered Research, Evaluation of IPV and Gender-based Violence Interventions, Restorative Approaches

Anita Raj, PhD

Anita Raj, PhD

Executive Director of the Newcomb Institute & Nancy Reeves Dreux Endowed Chair in The Celia Scott Weatherhead School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine

Specialty Areas: Epidemiologic and qualitative assessment of gendered, social, and cultural vulnerabilities compromising reproductive, maternal, neonatal, child, and adolescent health across national settings

 

Sharven Taghavi, MD, MPH, MS, FACS, FCCP

Sharven Taghavi, MD, MPH, MS, FACS, FCCP

Assistant Professor, School of Medicine

Specialty Areas: Trauma Surgery, Injury Prevention, Health Disparities

 

Katherine (Kat) Theall

Katherine (Kat) Theall

Co-Director, Violence Prevention Institute Cecile Usdin Professorship in Women’s Health

Specialty Areas: Health Equity, Built & Social Environment, Maternal Health, Social Epidemiology

Projects

Center for Youth Equity

Enrichment 2 Empowerment

Supportive Hospital-based Intervention for Firearm Trauma

Community-Based Violence Intervention & Prevention Initiative

Publications

Campbell, A. L., Xuan, D., Prashanth Balaraman, Tatum, D., Yorkgitis, B., Yu, D., McGrew, P., Zhang, J., Harrell, K., Duchesne, J., Shi, L., & Taghavi, S. (2025). Cost Effectiveness of Pediatric Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury Screening: A Decision Tree Analysis. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 60(6), 162296–162296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2025.162296 

Campbell, A., Atiya, W., Attia, A., Ghio, M., Nordham, K., Tatum, D., Zhang, J., Harrell, K., Duchesne, J., & Taghavi, S. (2025). Analysis of Outcomes after Whole Blood Transfusion vs Balanced Component Therapy. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. https://doi.org/10.1097/xcs.0000000000001440 

Ferrada, P., Shafique, S., Brenner, M., Burlew, C., Catena, F., Coleman, J., Coleman, J., Demetriades, D., Demoya, M., Di Saverio, S., Dissanaike, S., Dransfield, T., DuBose, J., Duchesne, J., Elkbuli, A., Foianini, E., Gambardella, J., Garcia, A., Goldberg, A., & Goralnick, E. (2025). Prioritizing circulation over airway to improve survival in trauma patients with exsanguinating injuries: a world society of emergency surgery-panamerican trauma consensus statement. World Journal of Emergency Surgery, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-025-00618-2 

Fleckman, J. M., Smith, E., Ford, J., Hutchinson, P., Moss, L., Contreras, L. M., Francois, S., Constans, J., Taghavi, S., & Theall, K. P. (2025). Getting at the root: Structural racism, policing, and youth firearm homicide. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108098 

Friedman, J., Ghio, M., Cotton-Betteridge, A., Karim, M., Packer, J., Engelhardt, D., Abdullah, S., Shaheen, F., Taghavi, S., Duchesne, J., & Olan Jackson-Weaver. (2025). Infrarenal Aortic Occlusion Causes Endothelial Injury via Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species. Journal of Surgical Research, 309(7), 139–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2025.03.023 

Loe, M., Ghio, C., Ghio, M., Constans, J., Fleckman, J., McGrew, P., Duchesne, J., Theall, K., Tatum, D., & Taghavi, S. (2025). Association of Housing Instability With Firearm Homicides in Major US Cities. Journal of Surgical Research, 311, 306–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2025.04.037 

Murphy, E., Ivanko, A., Schoen, J. E., Phelan, H. A., Taghavi, S., Phillips, B., Weichman-Murata, E., Hevelone, N., Kearns, R., Wilde, S., Miles, M. V. P., & Carter, J. E. (2025). A National Evaluation of Time to Surgery Following Burn Center Admission Utilizing the Burn Care Quality Platform Data. Journal of Burn Care & Research. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraf112 

Taghavi, S., Mills, C., Shaheen, F., Engelhardt, D., Newell, A., Dasinger, J., Kolls, J., Brooks, H., & Jackson-Weaver, O. (2025). Interleukin-22 as a novel therapy for trauma relevant acute kidney injury. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 99(1), 96–104. https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000004655 

Thomas, J., Johns, N. E., Li, A., Gennifer Kully, & Raj, A. (2025). Intimate Partner Violence and Firearm Purchasing: Cross-sectional analysis of statewide survey data from California and Louisiana Adults. Research Square (Research Square). https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6573668/v1 

Yang, Y., Fleckman, J., Yang, X., & Zingg, T. (2025). Youth gun carriage: The interplay of community violence, family adversity, interpersonal violence, and substance use. Journal of Criminal Justice, 99, 102455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102455 

Broome, J. M., Nordham, K. D., Piehl, M., Tatum, D., Caputo, S., Belding, C., De Maio, V. J., Taghavi, S., Jackson-Weaver, O., Harris, C., McGrew, P., Smith, A., Nichols, E., Dransfield, T., Rayburn, D., Marino, M., Avegno, J., & Duchesne, J. (2024). Faster refill in an urban emergency medical services system saves lives: A prospective preliminary evaluation of a prehospital advanced resuscitative care bundle. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 96(5), 702–707. https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000004239 

Broome, J. M., Nordham, K. D., Piehl, M., Tatum, D., Caputo, S., Belding, C., Taghavi, S., Jackson-Weaver, O., McGrew, P., Smith, A., Nichols, E., Dransfield, T., Marino, M., & Duchesne, J. (2024). In reply to: “Advanced resuscitative care in penetrating trauma patient management: We are on the right track!” Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 97(2), e15–e17. https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000004375 

Duchesne, J., McLafferty, B. J., Broome, J. M., Caputo, S., Ritondale, J. P., Tatum, D., Taghavi, S., Olan Jackson-Weaver, Tran, S., McGrew, P., Harrell, K. N., Smith, A., Nichols, E., Dransfield, T., Marino, M., & Piehl, M. (2024). Every minute matters: Improving outcomes for penetrating trauma through prehospital advanced resuscitative care. The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 97(5). https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000004363 

Ghio, M., Ali, A., Simpson, J. T., Campbell, A., Duchesne, J., Tatum, D., Chaparro, P., Constans, J., Fleckman, J., Theall, K., & Taghavi, S. (2024). Firearm Homicide Mortality is Linked to Food Insecurity in Major US Metropolitan Cities. The American Surgeon, 91(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/00031348241281848 

Loe, M., Broome, J. M., Mueller, L., Simpson, J. T., Tatum, D., McGrew, P., Taghavi, S., Olan Jackson-Weaver, DuBose, J., & Duchesne, J. (2024). Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in the patient with obesity. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 98(1), 145–151. https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000004411 

Moss, L., Contreras, L. M., Shu, T., Theall, K. P., Fleckman, J. M., & Francois, S. (2024). The Role of Firearm and Police Violence Exposure in Youth Firearm Beliefs and Access. Youth & Society, 56(8). https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118×241281934 

Nanney, J. T., & Constans, J. I. (2024). U.S. experience with gun violence and gun control. In Handbook of Gun Violence (pp. 555–570). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95272-9.00038-3 

Nordham, K. D., Tatum, D., Attia, A. S., Patel, M. B., Paramesh, A., Duchesne, J. C., Nahmias, J., Maiga, A. W., Peetz, A. B., Udekwu, P. O., Stiles, A., Shell, C., Stodghill, J. D., Maghsoudi, T., Iacullo, E., McLafferty, B., Coonan, E., Boudreau, R. M., Zimmerman, S. A., & Shammassian, B. (2024). Impact of catastrophic brain injury guidelines on organ donation rates: Results of an EAST multicenter trial. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 98(1), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000004386 

Raza, S. S., Tatum, D., Nordham, K. D., Broome, J. M., Keating, J., Maher, Z., Goldberg, A. J., Chang, G., Pla, M. M., Haut, E. R., Tatebe, L., Eman Toraih, Anderson, C., Ninokawa, S., Maluso, P., Burruss, S., Reeves, M., Coleman, L. E., Shatz, D. V., & Goldenberg-Sandau, A. (2024). Tranexamic Acid and Pulmonary Complications: A Secondary Analysis of an EAST Multicenter Trial. The American Surgeon, 91(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/00031348241268109 

Ritondale, J., Piehl, M., Caputo, S., Broome, J., McLafferty, B., Anderson, A., Belding, C., Tatum, D., & Duchesne, J. (2024). Impact of Prehospital Exsanguinating Airway-Breathing-Circulation Resuscitation Sequence on Patients with Severe Hemorrhage. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 238(4), 367–373. https://doi.org/10.1097/xcs.0000000000000956 

Roude, G. D., Wu, K., Richardson, L., Tucker, A., Moss, L., Kondo, M., Morrison, C. N., Branas, C. C., Gustat, J., & Theall, K. P. (2024). x Applied research in quality of life19(4), 2125–2145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-024-10325-w 

Simpson, J. T., Nordham, K. D., Tatum, D., Haut, E. R., Ali, A., Maher, Z., Goldberg, A. J., Tatebe, L. C., Chang, G., Taghavi, S., Raza, S., Eman Toraih, Plá, M. M., Ninokawa, S., Anderson, C., Maluso, P., Keating, J., Burruss, S., Reeves, M., & Craugh, L. E. (2024). Stop the Bleed—Wait for the Ambulance or Get in the Car and Drive? A Post Hoc Analysis of an EAST Multicenter Trial. The American Surgeon, 91(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/00031348241265135 

Taghavi, S., Engelhardt, D., Campbell, A., Goldvarg-Abud, I., Duchesne, J., Shaheen, F., Pociask, D., Kolls, J., & Jackson-Weaver, O. (2024). Dimethyl sulfoxide as a novel therapy in a murine model of acute lung injury. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 97(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000004293 

Theall , K. P., Contreras, L. M., Francois, S., Kondo, M., & Branas , C. C. (2024). Place-based approaches to firearm violence prevention. In N. D. Thomson (Ed.), Handbook of Gun Violence (pp. 241–257). https://doi.org/10.1016/C2021-0-02581-5 

Vinjamuri, A., Gerberg, Z., Shaheen, F., Duchesne, J., Taghavi, S., & Jackson-Weaver, O. (2024). Abstract 3093: Can Inhibiting Ferroptosis And Subsequent Endothelial Glycocalyx Shedding Reduce The Morbidity And Mortality Of Hemorrhagic Shock? Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 44(Suppl_1). https://doi.org/10.1161/atvb.44.suppl_1.3093 

Zima, L., Harvin, J. A., Deng, H., Okonkwo, D., Sieg, E., Alhourani, A., Jagid, J. R., Krueger, E., Taghavi, S., Nordham, K., Torres, G., Lang, S., Artur Vetkas, Kitagawa, R. S., Lozano, A., & Conner, C. R. (2024). Absence of July effect on trauma outcomes at the start of the academic medical calendar. Trauma, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/14604086231206308 

Constans, J.I., Houtsma, C., Bailey, M., & True, G. (2023) The armory project: Partnering with firearm retailers to promote and provide voluntary out‐of‐home firearm storage. Suicide and LifeThreatening Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12977 

Ghio, M., Simpson, J.T., Ali, A., Fleckman, J.M., Theall, K.P., Constans, J.I., Tatum, D. McGrew, P.R., Duchesne, J., & Taghavi, S. (2023). Association between markers of structural racism and mass shooting events in major US cities. JAMA Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2023.2846 

Taghavi, S., Maher, Z., Tatebe, L.C., Goldberg, A., & Tatum, D. (2023). When it comes to urban penetrating trauma in America: “Start your engines”. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 94(2), e23-e24. https://journals.lww.com/jtrauma/citation/2023/02000/when_it_comes_to_urban_penetrating_trauma_in.27.aspx 

Ali, A., Broome, J., Tatum, D., Fleckman, J., Theall, K.P., Chaparro, M.P., Duchesne, J, & Taghavi, S. (2022). The association between food insecurity and gun violence in a major metropolitan city. The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 93(1), 91. https://doi.org/10.1097%2FTA.0000000000003578 

Duchesne, J., Taghavi, S., Toraih, E., Simpson, J. T., & Tatum, D. (2022). State gun law grades and impact on mass shooting event incidence: An 8-year analysis. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 234(4), 645–651. https://doi.org/10.1097/XCS.0000000000000118 

Sah, E., Asher, A., Houtsma, C., & Constans, J. I. (2022). The Firearm Implicit Association Test: A validation study. Journal of Personality Assessment, 105(6), 770–778. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2022.2153253 

Simpson, J.T., Ali, A., Folse, M., Taghavi, S., Tatum, D., & Duchesne, J.C. (2022). Effect of Socioeconomic Factors on Mass Shooting Events: A 5-Year Analysis. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 235(5), S282-S283. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.XCS.0000895228.46516.a3 

Simpson, J.T., Hussein, M.H., Toraih, E.A., M Suess, Tatum, D., Taghavi, S., & McGrew, P. (2022). Trends and burden of firearm-related injuries among children and adolescents: a national perspective. Journal of Surgical Research, 280, 63-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2022.06.065 

Houghton, A., Jackson-Weaver, O., Toraih, E., Burley, N., Byrne, T., McGrew, P., Duchesne, J., Tatum, D., & Taghavi, S. (2021). Firearm homicide mortality is influenced by structural racism in US metropolitan areas. The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 91(1), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000003167 

Riehm, K. E., Mojtabai, R., Adams, L. B., Krueger, E. A., Mattingly, D. T., Nestadt, P. S., & Leventhal, A. M. (2021). Adolescents’ concerns about school violence or shootings and association with depressive, anxiety, and panic symptoms. JAMA Network Open, 4(11), e2132131.  https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.32131 

Wallace, M. E., Vilda, D., Theall, K. P., & Stoecker, C. (2021). Firearm relinquishment laws associated with substantial reduction in homicide of pregnant and postpartum women. Health Affairs, 40(10), 1654–1662. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01129 

Wamser-Nanney, R., Nanney, J. T., & Constans, J. I. (2021). PTSD and attitudes toward guns following interpersonal trauma. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(13–14), NP7619–NP7636. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519829766 

Wamser-Nanney, R., Nanney, J. T., & Constans, J. I. (2021). Trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and attitudes toward guns. Psychology of Violence, 11(4), 376–384. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000356 

Wamser-Nanney, R., Nanney, J. T., & Constans, J. I. (2020). The Gun Behaviors and Beliefs Scale: Development of a new measure of gun behaviors and beliefs. Psychology of Violence, 10(2), 172–181.

Wamser-Nanney, R., Nanney, J.T., & Constans, J.I. (2020). The Gun Behaviors and Beliefs Scale: Development of a new measure of gun behaviors and beliefs. Psychology of Violence, 10(2), 172. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/vio0000249 

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