Focus Area
Firearm Violence
Firearm-related injuries and deaths remain a critical public health challenge with far-reaching social and economic consequences. Research in this area investigates the patterns, risk factors, and social determinants of firearm violence, including its intersections with equity, mental health, community safety, and public policy. Faculty and projects focus on evidence-based prevention strategies, policy evaluation, and community education to reduce firearm-related harm. This work informs interventions that protect individuals and communities, strengthen local prevention efforts, and support equitable safety measures.
Researchers

Joseph Constans, PhD
Adjunct Faculty, School of Science and Engineering
Specialty Areas: PTSD, Gun Violence, Suicide

Juan Duchesne, MD
Professor of Surgery, School of Medicine
Specialty Areas: Surgery, Trauma and Critical Care

Julia Fleckman, PhD
Adjunct Professor
Specialty Areas: Structural and Social Determinants of Firearm Violence, Evaluation of Firearm Violence Prevention Strategies, Community-Partnered Research, Evaluation of IPV and Gender-based Violence Interventions, Restorative Approaches

Anita Raj, PhD
Executive Director of the Newcomb Institute & Nancy Reeves Dreux Endowed Chair in The Celia Scott Weatherhead School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine
Specialty Areas: Epidemiologic and qualitative assessment of gendered, social, and cultural vulnerabilities compromising reproductive, maternal, neonatal, child, and adolescent health across national settings

Sharven Taghavi, MD, MPH, MS, FACS, FCCP
Assistant Professor, School of Medicine
Specialty Areas: Trauma Surgery, Injury Prevention, Health Disparities

Katherine (Kat) Theall
Co-Director, Violence Prevention Institute Cecile Usdin Professorship in Women’s Health
Specialty Areas: Health Equity, Built & Social Environment, Maternal Health, Social Epidemiology
Projects
Center for Youth Equity
Enrichment 2 Empowerment
Supportive Hospital-based Intervention for Firearm Trauma
Community-Based Violence Intervention & Prevention Initiative
Publications
Campbell, A. L., Xuan, D., Prashanth Balaraman, Tatum, D., Yorkgitis, B., Yu, D., McGrew, P., Zhang, J., Harrell, K., Duchesne, J., Shi, L., & Taghavi, S. (2025). Cost Effectiveness of Pediatric Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury Screening: A Decision Tree Analysis. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 60(6), 162296–162296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2025.162296
Campbell, A., Atiya, W., Attia, A., Ghio, M., Nordham, K., Tatum, D., Zhang, J., Harrell, K., Duchesne, J., & Taghavi, S. (2025). Analysis of Outcomes after Whole Blood Transfusion vs Balanced Component Therapy. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. https://doi.org/10.1097/xcs.0000000000001440
Ferrada, P., Shafique, S., Brenner, M., Burlew, C., Catena, F., Coleman, J., Coleman, J., Demetriades, D., Demoya, M., Di Saverio, S., Dissanaike, S., Dransfield, T., DuBose, J., Duchesne, J., Elkbuli, A., Foianini, E., Gambardella, J., Garcia, A., Goldberg, A., & Goralnick, E. (2025). Prioritizing circulation over airway to improve survival in trauma patients with exsanguinating injuries: a world society of emergency surgery-panamerican trauma consensus statement. World Journal of Emergency Surgery, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-025-00618-2
Fleckman, J. M., Smith, E., Ford, J., Hutchinson, P., Moss, L., Contreras, L. M., Francois, S., Constans, J., Taghavi, S., & Theall, K. P. (2025). Getting at the root: Structural racism, policing, and youth firearm homicide. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2025.108098
Friedman, J., Ghio, M., Cotton-Betteridge, A., Karim, M., Packer, J., Engelhardt, D., Abdullah, S., Shaheen, F., Taghavi, S., Duchesne, J., & Olan Jackson-Weaver. (2025). Infrarenal Aortic Occlusion Causes Endothelial Injury via Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species. Journal of Surgical Research, 309(7), 139–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2025.03.023
Loe, M., Ghio, C., Ghio, M., Constans, J., Fleckman, J., McGrew, P., Duchesne, J., Theall, K., Tatum, D., & Taghavi, S. (2025). Association of Housing Instability With Firearm Homicides in Major US Cities. Journal of Surgical Research, 311, 306–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2025.04.037
Murphy, E., Ivanko, A., Schoen, J. E., Phelan, H. A., Taghavi, S., Phillips, B., Weichman-Murata, E., Hevelone, N., Kearns, R., Wilde, S., Miles, M. V. P., & Carter, J. E. (2025). A National Evaluation of Time to Surgery Following Burn Center Admission Utilizing the Burn Care Quality Platform Data. Journal of Burn Care & Research. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraf112
Taghavi, S., Mills, C., Shaheen, F., Engelhardt, D., Newell, A., Dasinger, J., Kolls, J., Brooks, H., & Jackson-Weaver, O. (2025). Interleukin-22 as a novel therapy for trauma relevant acute kidney injury. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 99(1), 96–104. https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000004655
Thomas, J., Johns, N. E., Li, A., Gennifer Kully, & Raj, A. (2025). Intimate Partner Violence and Firearm Purchasing: Cross-sectional analysis of statewide survey data from California and Louisiana Adults. Research Square (Research Square). https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6573668/v1
Yang, Y., Fleckman, J., Yang, X., & Zingg, T. (2025). Youth gun carriage: The interplay of community violence, family adversity, interpersonal violence, and substance use. Journal of Criminal Justice, 99, 102455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102455
Broome, J. M., Nordham, K. D., Piehl, M., Tatum, D., Caputo, S., Belding, C., De Maio, V. J., Taghavi, S., Jackson-Weaver, O., Harris, C., McGrew, P., Smith, A., Nichols, E., Dransfield, T., Rayburn, D., Marino, M., Avegno, J., & Duchesne, J. (2024). Faster refill in an urban emergency medical services system saves lives: A prospective preliminary evaluation of a prehospital advanced resuscitative care bundle. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 96(5), 702–707. https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000004239
Broome, J. M., Nordham, K. D., Piehl, M., Tatum, D., Caputo, S., Belding, C., Taghavi, S., Jackson-Weaver, O., McGrew, P., Smith, A., Nichols, E., Dransfield, T., Marino, M., & Duchesne, J. (2024). In reply to: “Advanced resuscitative care in penetrating trauma patient management: We are on the right track!” Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 97(2), e15–e17. https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000004375
Duchesne, J., McLafferty, B. J., Broome, J. M., Caputo, S., Ritondale, J. P., Tatum, D., Taghavi, S., Olan Jackson-Weaver, Tran, S., McGrew, P., Harrell, K. N., Smith, A., Nichols, E., Dransfield, T., Marino, M., & Piehl, M. (2024). Every minute matters: Improving outcomes for penetrating trauma through prehospital advanced resuscitative care. The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 97(5). https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000004363
Ghio, M., Ali, A., Simpson, J. T., Campbell, A., Duchesne, J., Tatum, D., Chaparro, P., Constans, J., Fleckman, J., Theall, K., & Taghavi, S. (2024). Firearm Homicide Mortality is Linked to Food Insecurity in Major US Metropolitan Cities. The American Surgeon, 91(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/00031348241281848
Loe, M., Broome, J. M., Mueller, L., Simpson, J. T., Tatum, D., McGrew, P., Taghavi, S., Olan Jackson-Weaver, DuBose, J., & Duchesne, J. (2024). Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in the patient with obesity. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 98(1), 145–151. https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000004411
Moss, L., Contreras, L. M., Shu, T., Theall, K. P., Fleckman, J. M., & Francois, S. (2024). The Role of Firearm and Police Violence Exposure in Youth Firearm Beliefs and Access. Youth & Society, 56(8). https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118×241281934
Nanney, J. T., & Constans, J. I. (2024). U.S. experience with gun violence and gun control. In Handbook of Gun Violence (pp. 555–570). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95272-9.00038-3
Nordham, K. D., Tatum, D., Attia, A. S., Patel, M. B., Paramesh, A., Duchesne, J. C., Nahmias, J., Maiga, A. W., Peetz, A. B., Udekwu, P. O., Stiles, A., Shell, C., Stodghill, J. D., Maghsoudi, T., Iacullo, E., McLafferty, B., Coonan, E., Boudreau, R. M., Zimmerman, S. A., & Shammassian, B. (2024). Impact of catastrophic brain injury guidelines on organ donation rates: Results of an EAST multicenter trial. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 98(1), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000004386
Raza, S. S., Tatum, D., Nordham, K. D., Broome, J. M., Keating, J., Maher, Z., Goldberg, A. J., Chang, G., Pla, M. M., Haut, E. R., Tatebe, L., Eman Toraih, Anderson, C., Ninokawa, S., Maluso, P., Burruss, S., Reeves, M., Coleman, L. E., Shatz, D. V., & Goldenberg-Sandau, A. (2024). Tranexamic Acid and Pulmonary Complications: A Secondary Analysis of an EAST Multicenter Trial. The American Surgeon, 91(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/00031348241268109
Ritondale, J., Piehl, M., Caputo, S., Broome, J., McLafferty, B., Anderson, A., Belding, C., Tatum, D., & Duchesne, J. (2024). Impact of Prehospital Exsanguinating Airway-Breathing-Circulation Resuscitation Sequence on Patients with Severe Hemorrhage. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 238(4), 367–373. https://doi.org/10.1097/xcs.0000000000000956
Roude, G. D., Wu, K., Richardson, L., Tucker, A., Moss, L., Kondo, M., Morrison, C. N., Branas, C. C., Gustat, J., & Theall, K. P. (2024). x Applied research in quality of life, 19(4), 2125–2145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-024-10325-w
Simpson, J. T., Nordham, K. D., Tatum, D., Haut, E. R., Ali, A., Maher, Z., Goldberg, A. J., Tatebe, L. C., Chang, G., Taghavi, S., Raza, S., Eman Toraih, Plá, M. M., Ninokawa, S., Anderson, C., Maluso, P., Keating, J., Burruss, S., Reeves, M., & Craugh, L. E. (2024). Stop the Bleed—Wait for the Ambulance or Get in the Car and Drive? A Post Hoc Analysis of an EAST Multicenter Trial. The American Surgeon, 91(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/00031348241265135
Taghavi, S., Engelhardt, D., Campbell, A., Goldvarg-Abud, I., Duchesne, J., Shaheen, F., Pociask, D., Kolls, J., & Jackson-Weaver, O. (2024). Dimethyl sulfoxide as a novel therapy in a murine model of acute lung injury. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 97(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000004293
Theall , K. P., Contreras, L. M., Francois, S., Kondo, M., & Branas , C. C. (2024). Place-based approaches to firearm violence prevention. In N. D. Thomson (Ed.), Handbook of Gun Violence (pp. 241–257). https://doi.org/10.1016/C2021-0-02581-5
Vinjamuri, A., Gerberg, Z., Shaheen, F., Duchesne, J., Taghavi, S., & Jackson-Weaver, O. (2024). Abstract 3093: Can Inhibiting Ferroptosis And Subsequent Endothelial Glycocalyx Shedding Reduce The Morbidity And Mortality Of Hemorrhagic Shock? Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 44(Suppl_1). https://doi.org/10.1161/atvb.44.suppl_1.3093
Zima, L., Harvin, J. A., Deng, H., Okonkwo, D., Sieg, E., Alhourani, A., Jagid, J. R., Krueger, E., Taghavi, S., Nordham, K., Torres, G., Lang, S., Artur Vetkas, Kitagawa, R. S., Lozano, A., & Conner, C. R. (2024). Absence of July effect on trauma outcomes at the start of the academic medical calendar. Trauma, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/14604086231206308
Constans, J.I., Houtsma, C., Bailey, M., & True, G. (2023) The armory project: Partnering with firearm retailers to promote and provide voluntary out‐of‐home firearm storage. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12977
Ghio, M., Simpson, J.T., Ali, A., Fleckman, J.M., Theall, K.P., Constans, J.I., Tatum, D. McGrew, P.R., Duchesne, J., & Taghavi, S. (2023). Association between markers of structural racism and mass shooting events in major US cities. JAMA Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2023.2846
Taghavi, S., Maher, Z., Tatebe, L.C., Goldberg, A., & Tatum, D. (2023). When it comes to urban penetrating trauma in America: “Start your engines”. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 94(2), e23-e24. https://journals.lww.com/jtrauma/citation/2023/02000/when_it_comes_to_urban_penetrating_trauma_in.27.aspx
Ali, A., Broome, J., Tatum, D., Fleckman, J., Theall, K.P., Chaparro, M.P., Duchesne, J, & Taghavi, S. (2022). The association between food insecurity and gun violence in a major metropolitan city. The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 93(1), 91. https://doi.org/10.1097%2FTA.0000000000003578
Duchesne, J., Taghavi, S., Toraih, E., Simpson, J. T., & Tatum, D. (2022). State gun law grades and impact on mass shooting event incidence: An 8-year analysis. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 234(4), 645–651. https://doi.org/10.1097/XCS.0000000000000118
Sah, E., Asher, A., Houtsma, C., & Constans, J. I. (2022). The Firearm Implicit Association Test: A validation study. Journal of Personality Assessment, 105(6), 770–778. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2022.2153253
Simpson, J.T., Ali, A., Folse, M., Taghavi, S., Tatum, D., & Duchesne, J.C. (2022). Effect of Socioeconomic Factors on Mass Shooting Events: A 5-Year Analysis. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 235(5), S282-S283. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.XCS.0000895228.46516.a3
Simpson, J.T., Hussein, M.H., Toraih, E.A., M Suess, Tatum, D., Taghavi, S., & McGrew, P. (2022). Trends and burden of firearm-related injuries among children and adolescents: a national perspective. Journal of Surgical Research, 280, 63-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2022.06.065
Houghton, A., Jackson-Weaver, O., Toraih, E., Burley, N., Byrne, T., McGrew, P., Duchesne, J., Tatum, D., & Taghavi, S. (2021). Firearm homicide mortality is influenced by structural racism in US metropolitan areas. The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 91(1), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000003167
Riehm, K. E., Mojtabai, R., Adams, L. B., Krueger, E. A., Mattingly, D. T., Nestadt, P. S., & Leventhal, A. M. (2021). Adolescents’ concerns about school violence or shootings and association with depressive, anxiety, and panic symptoms. JAMA Network Open, 4(11), e2132131. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.32131
Wallace, M. E., Vilda, D., Theall, K. P., & Stoecker, C. (2021). Firearm relinquishment laws associated with substantial reduction in homicide of pregnant and postpartum women. Health Affairs, 40(10), 1654–1662. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01129
Wamser-Nanney, R., Nanney, J. T., & Constans, J. I. (2021). PTSD and attitudes toward guns following interpersonal trauma. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(13–14), NP7619–NP7636. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519829766
Wamser-Nanney, R., Nanney, J. T., & Constans, J. I. (2021). Trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and attitudes toward guns. Psychology of Violence, 11(4), 376–384. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000356
Wamser-Nanney, R., Nanney, J. T., & Constans, J. I. (2020). The Gun Behaviors and Beliefs Scale: Development of a new measure of gun behaviors and beliefs. Psychology of Violence, 10(2), 172–181.
Wamser-Nanney, R., Nanney, J.T., & Constans, J.I. (2020). The Gun Behaviors and Beliefs Scale: Development of a new measure of gun behaviors and beliefs. Psychology of Violence, 10(2), 172. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/vio0000249
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social media
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